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Chapter 4 Programming In C

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CONCEPT OF RECURSION: FACTORIAL AND FIBONACCI PROBLEMS  • Recursion is the process of calling a function repeatedly itself until some specified condition has  been satisfied.  • When you use the recursion function in a program, you need to define an exit condition,  otherwise, it will go into an infinite loop.  • Recursive functions are very useful to solve many mathematical problems like calculating the  factorial of a number, generating the Fibonacci series, etc. Pointer (v-imp) Pointers in C are similar to as other variables that we use to hold the data in our program but, instead of containing actual data, they contain a pointer to the address (memory location) where the data or information can be found. These is an important and advance concept of C language since, variables names are not sufficient to provide the requirement of user while developing a complex program. However, use of pointers help to access memory address of that entities globally to ...
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Software Process Model (SPM) Chapter 6 Grade XII

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Chapter 6 Software Process Model (SPM)  6.1 SOFTWARE PROJECT CONCEPT • A software project is the complete software development process that starts with gathering requirements, analyzing, designing, coding, and testing in a given time frame to produce the desired software output. A project can be characterized as: ➢ Every project may have its own set of goals. ➢ A project is not a day-to-day operation or a normal task. ➢ Each project has a beginning and an end date. ➢ A project is completed when its aim is met, hence it is only a brief phase in an organization's life cycle. ➢ A project requires sufficient resources in terms of time, manpower, finance, material, and knowledge. 6.2 CONCEPT OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS • The software development process is the process of developing software by dividing software development work into several phases. • The process is also known as a software development life cycle (SDLC), which includes several phases that provide a method for buildin...
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Digital Society and Computer Ethics

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8.1 Digital Society and Computer Ethics 1. Digital Society Definition : A digital society is one where technology, especially computers, mobile devices, and the internet, plays a crucial role in daily life, connecting individuals and organizations for communication, education, work, business, and entertainment. Key Characteristics : Digital Communication : Use of emails, messaging apps, and video conferencing to communicate globally. E-learning : Access to online educational platforms like Google Classroom, Zoom, and e-books. E-commerce : Digital platforms like Amazon or Daraz for shopping and business. Smart Technologies : Use of AI, IoT (Internet of Things), and cloud computing in various fields like healthcare, agriculture, and smart cities. Social Networking : Platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn to connect and share information. Advantages : Instant communication across the globe. Easy access to information and services. Increased opportunities for learning and innovat...
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Recent Trends In Technology

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7 Recent Trends In Technology 7.1 Concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics Notes: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science focused on building systems that can perform tasks requiring human intelligence, such as understanding language, recognizing patterns, and making decisions. Robotics involves creating robots—machines designed to carry out specific tasks automatically, often using AI to enhance their capabilities. Applications: Virtual Assistants: Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant. Self-Driving Cars: Cars that use AI to navigate roads safely. Healthcare: AI helps diagnose diseases and plan treatments. Manufacturing: Robotic arms in factories for assembly and packaging. Advantages: Increases productivity and accuracy. Can operate in hazardous conditions (e.g., deep-sea, space exploration). Reduces human workload for repetitive tasks. Capable of processing vast amounts of data quickly. Disadvantages: Expensive to develop and maintain. Potential to r...
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DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) Grade XII Chapter 1

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 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO DATA, DATABASE, DATABASE SYSTEM, DBMS Data  Any raw fact or figure related to a person or something.  Maynothavesignificant meaning by itself.  Can be in any form, such as letters, numbers, words, images, audios or videos.  source of information.  For example: RAM, 20. Information   Processed data or organized collection of related data that has significant  meaning.   gives meaningful information.   can be used as data for further processing.   helps to make correct decisions.   For example: RAM is 20 years old boy Database   A collection of data or information related to  somebody or something on any subject or purpose.   can retrieve a variety of information from databases.   can be managed manually or by using suitable software on a computer.   Telephone directory, mark ledger, attendance register, flight schedule, library catalogue, census, encyclopedia, diction...
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